Exploring the Relationship among Variables Related to the School Adjustment of Grade 1 and 2 according to Parental Income: Parenting Efficacy, Self Concepts, and Prosocial Behaviors
AUTHOR : 김수정,곽금주
INFORMATION : page. 85~105 / 2012 Vol.19 No.3
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate variables relevant to the school adjustment of school children
and to examine the differences in the relationship of the variables according to parental income levels. The
subjects comprised 219 triplets of children, their mothers, and classroom teachers. Parenting efficacy was
measured using mothers’ reports. The children’s self concepts and prosocial behaviors were measured by
means of direct interview and school adjustment was measured via teachers’ reports. Correlation and
structural equation models testing were conducted, based on these reports. According to the results of the
structural equation model testing, parenting efficacy was found to be positively related to children’s school
adjustment and prosocial behavior, and children’s self concept was positively related to prosocial behavior
and school adjustment. Additionally, the children’s prosocial behavior was found to be related to school
adjustment. The results of the structural equation model testing by parental income levels revealed that
mothers’ parenting efficacy was related to the children’s school adjustment regardless of parental income
level. However, in the case of low-income children, parenting efficacy had a positive relationship with their
prosocial behavior, and these prosocial behaviors affected school adjustment. In the case of children from
high-income families, their self-concept had a positive relationship with prosocial behavior and school
adjustment.